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🧬
Your biological code
Inheritance & Traits
DNA → genes → proteins → traits. Plus how variation is created and passed on.
📜 The flow: DNA → Trait
DNA→Gene→mRNA→Protein→Trait
Hierarchy: DNA is the molecule. Genes are sections of DNA. Chromosomes are tightly packed DNA. Same stuff, different scale.
⚧ Sexual vs Asexual reproduction
✓ Pros
- High genetic variation
- Helps populations adapt
- Better against disease
✗ Cons
- Slower (need a mate)
- Energy intensive
🧪 Mutations
Silent
Change in DNA but protein still works. No effect.
Harmful
Breaks the protein. Disease (e.g., sickle cell).
Beneficial
Gives an advantage (e.g., lactose tolerance). Raw material for evolution.
🎲 Predict the trait — Punnett square
Cross: Bb × Bb (B = brown dominant, b = blue recessive)
B
b
B
?
?
b
?
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🧠 Quick reveals
What's the difference between mitosis and meiosis?▾
Mitosis = body cells, 1 → 2 identical cells. Meiosis = sex cells (gametes), 1 → 4 unique cells with HALF the chromosomes.
Why does sexual reproduction matter for evolution?▾
It shuffles genes → more variation → more raw material for natural selection.
Are mutations always bad?▾
No. Most are silent or neutral. Some are harmful, some are beneficial. They're the source of new variation.
🎯 Quiz yourself
Inheritance · QuizQ1 / 4